- Ohio class submarine antenna profile how to#
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During the latter 1940s and 50s the TBL occupied the forward-starboard comer of the radio space and reached from the deck to the height of a man. The TBL became the standard submarine transmitter toward the end of the Second World War. Accordingly, the Naval Communication Frequency Plan was approved and ship allocation of frequencies according to the original plan changed little through the Second World War. The use of the higher range frequencies using modified submarine antennas was an improvement over previous frequency use. Prior to the United States entering the Second World War the submarine force became dependent on higher frequencies for reliable long range communication. We had to know the fundamentals of 6 the equipment in addition to all the communication skills.” The radio crew was a chief, a I st class, a 2nd class and two or three 3rd class petty officers. The radio shack was always manned by two men. I then was assigned to the USS Atule (SS-403) at New London. After Class A school I was assigned to submarine school at New London and this too was six months.
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While the minimum code rate was 13 words per minute, the real objective was to copy at a rate of 18 words per minute so that normal Fox and Whiskey schedules could be copied with ease.
Ohio class submarine antenna profile how to#
Since I had known how to type, the training was easier. This worked well with copying five letter word groups in coded material.
The concept was to translate a tone cue into a finger touch without the brain trying to register a particular letter. The program taught typing in conjunction with code receipt. With two men to a dormitory room, life was good. The school was at the University of Wisconsin, in Madison. I scored high and so was admitted to Class A Radioman School, which at the time had a new, experimental program of teaching the Morse Code. One such volunteer told of his training, “I went to boot camp at Farragut, Idaho in 1943 during which time I took a battery of mental tests. Classes were established in certain universities. Training of war-time radio operators accelerated beyond the limits of Navy schools.
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By 1944 there were 22,000 officers and 225.000 enlisted men engaged in Naval communications.Īs America entered the Second World War, radioman graduates were expected to know the Fleet Communication System which involved the CW nets, teletype and voice communication procedures, the bulk of the three letter Q Codes, internal message routing, communication log maintenance, manual encrypting techniques, teletype machines with tape distributors for further transmission in code, operation of transmitters, and receivers using frequency bands from VLF for submarines, through the middle frequencies to VHF and UHF equipment for aircraft. On the civilian side, there were 743 licensed commercial radio stations broadcasting to 45,300,000 receivers. Of these 10,500 were engaged in Navy communications including 1,500 officers. Immediately prior to the Second World War there were 122,000 personnel in the Navy. The Federal Communication Commission sorted out the problem and by the mid 1930s the Navy had the most reliable radio communication network in America. They were concentrated along the coasts and their frequencies overlapped those of the Navy’s shore stations. Commercial broadcast stations became a problem for the Navy when the number of them increased into the thousands. Of importance to the Navy communication system was the Federal Communication Commission and the allocation of frequencies to commercial and military use. The standard key was used in sending and a manual typewriter (Royal and Underwood) was used in receiving five letter code groups.
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Morse Code had to be error free at a speed of 12 words per minute both in terms of sending and receiving. These included antenna immersion and grounding of antennas because of defective water seals.īy the 1930s the Navy had established radioman schools with standardized curriculum. Surface ships could maintain circuit discipline on a twenty-four hour basis, but the submarines faced many problems peculiar to their mission. Each submarine was expected to guard two frequencies whenever the submarine’s operating schedule allowed. Commanding officers were blamed and they, in tum, saw the problem as stemming from inadequately trained personnel. It was difficult for submarine radiomen to keep up with the ever-changing frequency assignments and the use of non- authorized frequencies was common. By the end of the 1920s improvements in equipment and training were running at high speed. The Navy had tackled the technical and organizational problems with the dedication founded in its unique role as protector of maritime safety. Submarine radio communication had come a long way since its inception near the tum of the 20th Century.
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